Nursing and Consent free essay sample

Consent is defined by NHS Choices (2010) as: the principle that a person must give their permission before they receive any type of medical treatment. l Under the Nursing and Midwifery Council (hereafter NMC) code of conduct (enforced in May, 2008) the patient can either extend or withdraw his consent regarding treatment after which ne should be or cannot be treated as per his wishes respectively. Cowan ( observed that the idea underlying this is to empower patient to acknowledge the treatment options available to them and choose whether or not they want to have it. Therefore, a nurse cannot administer the treatment to a patient if he withholds his consent about the treatment. As per NMC, there are three over-riding professional responsibilities to obtain a valid consent. These are quoted as below: To make the care of people their first concern and ensure they gain consent before they begin any treatment or care. 2 Ensure that the process of establishing consent is rigorous, transparent and demonstrates a clear level of professional accountability. 3 Accurately record all discussions and decisions relating to obtaining consent. 4 The NMC Code (2008) also states that, make the care of people your first concern, treating them as individuals and respecting their dignity. Scott (et al. 2003) observed that being respected implies that not to treat patients against their will. Tomkin Hanafin (1995) observed that respecting the patients autonomy means respecting his consent. Mason Laurie (2010) observed that Just because the healthcare professional believed that the treatment was appropriate doesnt mean that the patient must undergo it, consent must be obtained. Failure to do so amounts to the crime of battery in English law. Booth (2002) observed that patients should not be subjected to treatment by any health professional unless their consent is at hand. He further observed that pre-requisites of obtaining valid consent include informing patient regarding disease, diagnosis, options regarding types of treatment, consequences that might or might not take place as a result of treatment to the patient. Thus, if a nurse treats the patient without his consent it would amount to treating him against his will which would constitute a crime of battery on nurses part. It is therefore imperative that before administering the treatment, nurse btains consent of patient. However, consent alone is not sufficient; it must be valid as well. Therefore, the NMC code also requires from nurses that in order to obtain a valid consent it must be obtained from a competent individual i. e. one who possesses the capacity to consent. Furthermore, if a person is giving consent on behalf of another, he must be lawfully appointed. No one can give consent for someone who possesses the mental capacity to give consent. (Mental Capacity Act 2005) Consent is considered to enhance partnership between practitioner (e. g. nurse) and patient. Providing information alone is not sufficient, communication is the key to obtain valid consent. There exists difference between merely giving information and communicating effectively with patient about the information. Bristol Inquiry Recommendations are helpful in understanding the difference regarding this. These are quoted below: The process of informing the patient, and obtaining consent on a course of a treatment, should be regarded as a process and not a one-off event consisting of obtaining a patients signature on a form. The process of consent should apply not only to surgical procedures but all clinical procedures and xaminations which involve any form of touching. This must not mean more forms: it means more communication. As part of the process of obtaining consent, except when they have indicated otherwise, patients should be given sufficient information about what is to take place, the risks, uncertainties, and possible negative consequences of the proposed treatment, about any alternatives and about the likely outcome, to enable them to make a choice about now to proceed 5 Besides, it a person lacks mental capacity to give valid consent, nurses caring for such a person hould be involved in assessing the treatment to be administered. However, they must be aware of the legislation regarding mental capacity, ensuring that people who lack capacity remain at the centre of decision making and are fully safeguarded. 6 The Mental Capacity Act (2005) offers assistance regarding capacity. The Act applies to all aged 16 and above and to those with learning disability, dementia, brain injury, autism and mental health issues. The Act presumes capacity in relation to adults unless situation exists otherwise. It requires extending all sorts f help to the person in question before drawing conclusion that they cannot consent. Even an apparently unwise decision if is extended by a person of full mind must be respected and adhered to. Doing something for those who lack the capacity to consent must be done in the best of their interests and it should be least restrictive of their independence and rights. However, exceptions to this include: emergency situations and mentally incapacitated people. Emergency situation might involve someone who has temporarily become unable to consent e. g. due to in unconscious state of mind. In such instance he may be given necessary treatment to save life. The law in such instance allows medical practitioners such as nurses and doctors to administer treatment without the consent of person in so far it is in his best interest. There are some situations where courts must be referred to for lawfulness of administration of treatment for a person unable to consent. These include: withdrawing the patient from persistent vegetative state, sterilization for the purpose of contraception, obtaining tissue for bone marrow, where the doubt exists regarding the capacity of the person.